Evidence-based literacy practices

Seven practices that make readers

Updated and expanded for this portal — these replace the earlier practice documents with new versions grounded in What Works Clearinghouse practice guides.

Phonological & Phonemic Awareness

Teach students to hear, recognize and manipulate sounds in words.

6 skill areas6 sample activities10 key terms

Covers: Isolation, Identification, Categorization, Blending, Segmenting

Phonics

Teach students to connect sounds to letters and teach patterns so students will learn to read and spell.

10 skill areas22 sample activities23 key terms

Covers: Individual Letter-Sound Correspondence, Consonant Digraphs, Vowel Teams, Blends, Trigraphs

Comprehension

Teach students strategies to construct meaning and understand the books they read.

5 skill areas22 sample activities14 key terms

Covers: Word Awareness and Word Learning, Sentence Level Comprehension, Single and Multi-Paragraph Level Comprehension, Text Level Comprehension and Text Structures, More Comprehension Strategies

Writing

Explicitly teach students how to spell, choose words, arrange sentences, generate ideas, organize information, and understand different purposes of writing.

4 skill areas16 sample activities17 key terms

Covers: Basic Skills, Creating Text, Planning and Editing, Understanding the Purposes for and Types of Writing

Vocabulary

Teach students to learn and recognize words orally and apply this skill to printed words when they are reading.

4 skill areas8 sample activities14 key terms

Covers: Words in Context (students are exposed to words in context through read alouds, shared writing, independent reading, teacher modeling, conversation, etc.), Word Meaning and Use (explicit teaching of vocabulary and practice using in context), Word Knowledge (deeper learning of words to include connotation, examples/non-examples, synonyms, antonyms), Word Analysis (prefix/suffix/root meaning, word origin, inflectional endings)

Fluency

Teach students to read text with accuracy, automaticity, and expression.

17 key terms

Covers: A full instructional sequence

Assessment

Screen, diagnose, and progress monitor students to drive instruction at school or at home.

9 skill areas10 key terms

Covers: Print Awareness, Letter-Sound Assessments, Phonological Awareness, Phonemic Awareness, Word Recognition

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